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Landlord & Tenant Guide – England

Renters’ Rights Act 2025

The most significant reform to private renting in a generation. Section 21 was abolished on 1 May 2026. Every assured shorthold tenancy in England has converted to periodic. This guide explains what happened, what it means for landlords and tenants, and what action is needed now.

Updated: June 2026  •  Source: Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (legislation.gov.uk)

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Phase 1 is now live. The Renters’ Rights Act 2025 came into force on 1 May 2026. Section 21 has been abolished. All ASTs have converted to assured periodic tenancies. Landlords who had a pre-commencement Section 21 notice must have issued court proceedings by 1 August 2026 (the earlier of six months from the notice date or three months from commencement) or that notice is unenforceable. Full legislation: Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (legislation.gov.uk).

Last reviewed: June 2026. Cross-referenced against the Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (Schedule 1, Schedule 6, and notice period table, page 15). TLA is not a legal entity — this page is practical guidance only.

1

What Changed on 1 May 2026

Phase 1 brought simultaneous structural change to the private rented sector in England. It was not a phased soft-landing — it was a single switch-on affecting every private tenancy in England on the same date.

Section 21 abolished. No new Section 21 notices may be served from 1 May 2026. Any attempt to serve one is unlawful. Pre-commencement notices are only enforceable if court proceedings were issued before the transitional deadline (1 August 2026 or the six-month notice-date clock, whichever expires first).
All ASTs automatically converted. Every assured shorthold tenancy in England became an assured periodic tenancy on 1 May 2026 by operation of law. No notice or action was needed. New tenancies must also be periodic from this date — fixed-term ASTs cannot be created.
Revised Section 13 rent increases. Landlords may increase rent a maximum of once per year using the revised Section 13 process. At least two months’ written notice is required. Contractual rent review clauses in tenancy agreements no longer operate as an alternative route.
Rental bidding and advance rent prohibited. Asking for, encouraging, or accepting offers above the advertised rent is unlawful. Landlords and agents may not request more than one month’s rent in advance.
Anti-discrimination rules in force. Refusing to let, withholding a viewing, or making a tenant less likely to rent a property because they have children or receive benefits is now unlawful.
⚠️ Pet requests. Landlords must consider a pet request within 28 days and provide valid written reasons for refusal. Requiring tenant-arranged pet insurance is permitted.
⚠️ Stronger enforcement powers. New local authority investigatory powers came into effect on 27 December 2025, ahead of the main reforms. Phase 1 also strengthened rent repayment order rules.
RRA Information Sheet deadline: Landlords were required to serve the Government-prescribed RRA Information Sheet on all existing tenants by 31 May 2026. Failure to do so carries penalties of up to £7,000. If you have not yet served it, do so immediately and retain dated written evidence.
2

Section 8 Grounds — The Only Possession Route

Section 8 is now the only route to possession for private landlords in England. The Act revised the grounds structure and introduced new mandatory grounds. Notice periods are set by the Act itself — they cannot be contracted out of in the tenancy agreement.

Source: Renters’ Rights Act 2025, Schedule 1 (grounds) and notice period table (page 15). Notice periods apply regardless of what any tenancy agreement says.
GroundsNotice periodKey notes
1, 1A, 1B, 2, 2ZA–2ZD, 4A, 6, 6A, 6B4 monthsGround 1A is a new mandatory ground for landlord or close family member occupation — introduced by the Act.
5, 5A–5D, 5H, 7, 92 monthsGround 7 (probate tenancies). Ground 9 (suitable alternative accommodation).
5E, 5F, 5G, 8, 10, 11, 184 weeksGround 8 (mandatory rent arrears) is 4 weeks — not 14 days. Ground 10 (some arrears). Ground 11 (persistent late payment). Replace any pre-Act template that states 14 days for Ground 8.
4, 7B, 12, 13, 14ZA, 14A, 15, 172 weeksGround 12 (breach of tenancy). Ground 17 (false statement by tenant).
Ground 14 (antisocial behaviour)Immediate / 2 weeksProceedings may be issued immediately on service; statutory minimum 2-week notice period.
⚠ Common error: Ground 8 requires 4 weeks’ notice, not 14 days. Many pre-Act standard form notices used 14 days. If your template still says 14 days for Ground 8, it is no longer valid.

To maintain a strong Section 8 position, landlords should keep the following in order:

  • A compliant periodic tenancy agreement (no fixed-term clauses)
  • Current EPC (minimum E), gas safety certificate, and EICR on file
  • Deposit protected within 30 days with valid Prescribed Information served
  • Contemporaneous rent account records — essential for Ground 8
  • Written log of maintenance requests, complaints, and responses
  • RRA Information Sheet served on all tenants by 31 May 2026
3

Implementation Timeline

The Act is being implemented in phases. Phase 1 is now live. Later phases — covering the PRS Database, Ombudsman, and standards reform — follow on separate timescales.

27 Oct 2025Royal Assent

Act became law

The Renters’ Rights Bill received Royal Assent and became the Renters’ Rights Act 2025.

27 Dec 2025Early enforcement

New council investigatory powers in force

Strengthened local authority investigatory powers — including inspection, document demand and third-party data access — came into effect ahead of the main tenancy reforms.

1 May 2026Phase 1 — now live

Main tenancy reforms in force

Section 21 abolished. All ASTs converted to periodic tenancies. Reformed possession grounds, revised Section 13, rental bidding ban, anti-discrimination rules, pet request rules, and strengthened enforcement all in force simultaneously.

31 May 2026Information Sheet

RRA Information Sheet deadline passed

Landlords were required to serve the RRA Information Sheet on all existing tenants within one month of commencement. Penalties up to £7,000 for non-compliance.

1 Aug 2026S21 transitional end

Final S21 transitional deadline

The outer deadline for court proceedings on pre-commencement Section 21 notices (three months from commencement). Subject to the six-month notice-date clock if that expires earlier.

Late 2026Phase 2

PRS Database rollout begins

Mandatory landlord registration with the Private Rented Sector Database. Landlords who are not registered will not be able to legally let or market a property.

2028 expectedOmbudsman

PRS Landlord Ombudsman mandatory membership

Membership of the PRS Landlord Ombudsman expected to become mandatory around 2028, once the service is operational. Tenants will be able to bring complaints directly to the Ombudsman.

Later datePhase 3

Decent Homes Standard and Awaab’s Law

The Act provides the framework for extending the Decent Homes Standard and Awaab’s Law to the private rented sector. Implementation follows further consultation — no commencement date set.

Awaab’s Law — current position: Schedule 4 of the Act amends the Housing Act 2004 to extend Awaab’s Law to the PRS. This requires further secondary legislation to commence and is not yet in force. TLA will update guidance when commencement dates are confirmed. For the full legislative text, see the Renters’ Rights Act 2025.
4

Landlord Action Checklist — What to Address Now

Phase 1 is live. Work through this checklist and address any outstanding items as a priority. TLA members can access compliant templates for each of these through the Landlord Legal Hub.

RRA Information Sheet served? If not, serve on all tenants immediately and retain dated evidence (email read receipt or recorded post).
Tenancy agreements updated? No new fixed-term ASTs should be in use. All periodic tenancy terms should be in a compliant document.
⚠️ Outstanding S21 notices? Any pre-commencement notice must have had court proceedings issued by 1 August 2026 (or earlier if the six-month clock has expired). If proceedings were not issued in time, the notice is unenforceable — seek qualified advice.
Section 8 notice templates reviewed? Ground 8 now requires 4 weeks’ notice. Replace any 14-day Ground 8 templates.
Compliance documentation current? EPC (min E), gas safety certificate, EICR, deposit protection, Prescribed Information — all on file and within date.
⚠️ Rent increase process checked? Contractual review clauses no longer work. Use the revised Section 13 process with two months’ written notice. One increase per year maximum.
⚠️ Listings reviewed? No advance rent above one month. No bidding process. Advertised rent must be a genuine asking price.
Pet policy workflow added? A formal 28-day pet request and response process should be in place if it is not already.
Important: TLA is not a legal entity and does not provide legal advice or representation. Where your situation involves an existing possession claim, a dispute, or a complex compliance question, seek qualified legal advice. TLA’s legal partner network — in final agreement stage — will provide direct referral pathways from July 2026.
5

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions from landlords and tenants following the 1 May 2026 implementation.

Section 21 is abolished — can landlords still recover possession?

Yes. Landlords can still recover possession through Section 8 grounds. The reformed grounds regime includes mandatory grounds — where the court must grant possession if the ground is proved — and discretionary grounds. Ground 8 (mandatory rent arrears) and the new Ground 1A (landlord or close family member occupation) are the two most commonly used mandatory routes.

What happened to existing fixed-term ASTs on 1 May 2026?

All assured shorthold tenancies automatically converted to assured periodic tenancies on 1 May 2026 by operation of law. No notice or action was required. The tenancy continued on the same terms but without a fixed end date. Tenants may now end the tenancy at any time by giving two months’ written notice. Landlords must use the Section 8 grounds regime to recover possession.

I have a pre-commencement Section 21 notice — is it still valid?

Only if court proceedings were issued before the earlier of: (a) six months from the date the notice was given, or (b) 1 August 2026 (three months from the 1 May commencement). If proceedings were not issued in time, the notice is unenforceable and you must start again using Section 8 grounds. If you are uncertain whether your notice falls within the transitional period, take qualified legal advice immediately.

How do landlords increase rent under the new rules?

Rent may be increased once per year using the revised Section 13 process. At least two months’ written notice is required before the increase takes effect. Contractual rent review clauses in tenancy agreements no longer provide an alternative route — Section 13 is now the only lawful method. Tenants may challenge the proposed increase at the First-tier Tribunal, which will assess whether the proposed rent is at or below the open market rent.

What is the PRS Database and when is it required?

The Private Rented Sector Database is a mandatory register of landlords and their rental properties. Rollout begins from late 2026. Once operational, landlords who are not registered will not be able to legally let or market a property. The PRS Landlord Ombudsman — which will handle tenant complaints against landlords — is expected to become mandatory around 2028.

When does Awaab’s Law apply to private landlords?

The Act provides the legislative framework for extending Awaab’s Law (mandatory hazard response timescales) and the Decent Homes Standard to the private rented sector. However, both require further secondary legislation to come into force. No commencement date has been set. TLA will update this guidance when that changes.

Does the RRA apply to HMOs, student lets, or company lets?

The Act applies to assured tenancies in the private rented sector in England. HMOs where the tenancy is an assured tenancy are covered. Purpose-built student accommodation managed by universities generally has specific exclusions. Company lets — where the tenant is a company rather than an individual — fall outside the Housing Act 1988 assured tenancy framework and are therefore not directly covered by the main provisions of the Act. If you are uncertain about a specific tenancy structure, seek qualified legal advice.

6

Documents and Templates

TLA members have access to the following RRA-compliant resources. Download templates, checklists, and the official legislative text below.

RRA-Compliant Periodic Tenancy Agreement — members only Section 8 Notice Templates (4-week Ground 8) — members only RRA Compliance Checklist (Phase 1) — members only Renters’ Rights Act 2025 — Official Legislation PDF (legislation.gov.uk)
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Stay compliant through every phase

Phase 1 is live. TLA members have access to compliant templates, practical guidance, and escalation support through each stage of the Act’s implementation.

  • RRA-compliant tenancy agreements, Section 8 notices, and compliance checklists
  • RRA Member Guide — step-by-step compliance action guide
  • Legal partner referral network — in final agreement stage, available from July 2026
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Need support with RRA compliance?

Access compliant templates, the Landlord Legal Hub, or ask a specific question about how the Act affects your property.

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